arturo 0.3.4

<img align="left" width="170" src="logo.png">

<h1>Art:uro</h1>

Simple, modern and powerful
interpreted programming language for super-fast scripting.

The Language

Arturo is a modern programming language, vaguely inspired by various other ones - including but not limited to Ruby, Haskell, D, SDL, Tcl and Lisp.

It is built on some very simple and straightforward principles:

Everything is a simple statement

There are no "special" language constructs (even `if` is nothing but a simple statement). Everything you see is a statement in the form ID <expression> <expression> <expression> ...

Code is data - and data is code

Arturo can be used both as a data-interchange format and a programming language. Basically all data structures are valid code and all code can be represented as a data structure. Think of it as SDL/Json/YAML/XML combined with the power of Lisp - but without the... sea of opening and closing parentheses.

Each statement returns a value

Whether what you would consider a "function" or any other statement, it will return a value. If it's a block of code (see: function), the last statement's result will be return - unless specified otherwise.

Functions are first-class citizens

Functions - or blocks of statements enclosed in {} - can be anything. Assign them to a symbol/variable, pass them around as arguments to function calls, include them as a dictionary key value, or return them from a function. And of course they can be either named or anonymous/lambda.

Uniform syntax

As already mentioned, everything is a statement of the form ID <expressions>. So, how does this work?

• Is it the first time you are declaring this symbol? Then, the right-hand value will be assigned.
• Is it not the first time? Then again, the right-hand value will be assigned.
• Do you want to call a function you have declared, by name? Just prefix it with an exclamation mark. E.g.: !myFunc "some arg" "another arg"
• Do you want to use the result of a function call as part of an expression? Just enclose the function call in $(...) E.g.: print $(reverse #(1 2 3))

Simple, isn't it?

Getting Started

Hello World

"Hello World"

or...

print "Hello World"

Declaring some data

num 	10
str 	"this is a string"

arrA 	1 2 3
arrB 	"one" "two" "three"
arrC	#(1 2 3)

dict 	#{
	name 	"john"
	surname "doe"
	age 	33
	address #{
		city	"Granada"
		country	"Spain"
	}
}

Declaring a function

addNumbers {
	@0 + @1
}

or...

addNumbers [x,y]{
	x + y
}

Fibonacci

maxLimit 20 // $(toNumber @0)

fib $(memoize [x]{
	if x<2 { 1 }{
		$(!fib x-1) + $(!fib x-2)
	} 
})

loop $(range 0 maxLimit) {
	print $(!fib @)
}

The Library

Function	Description	Syntax
array:all	check if all elements of array are true or pass the condition of given function	[Array or Array/Function] -> Boolean
array:any	check if any of the array's elements is true or passes the condition of given function	[Array or Array/Function] -> Boolean
array:avg	get average value from array	[Array] -> Number or Real
array:count	count how many of the array's elements is true or passes the condition of given function	[Array or Array/Function] -> Number
array:difference	get difference of two given arrays	[Array/Array] -> Array
array:filter	get array after filtering each element using given function	[Array/Function] -> Array
array:first	get first element from array	[Array] -> Any
array:fold	fold array using seed value and the given function	[Array/Any/Function] -> Any
array:gcd	calculate greatest common divisor of values from array	[Array] -> Number
array:intersection	get intersection of two given arrays	[Array/Array] -> Array
array:join	get string by joining array elements with given delimiter	[Array/String] -> String
array:last	get last element from array	[Array] -> Any
array:map	get array after executing given function for each element	[Array/Function] -> Array
array:max	get maximum value from array	[Array] -> Number or Real
array:median	get median value from array	[Array] -> Number or Real
array:min	get minimum value from array	[Array] -> Number or Real
array:permutations	get all permutations for given array	[Array] -> Array
array:product	return product of elements of given array	[Array] -> Number
array:range	get array from given range (from..to) with optional step	[Number/Number or Number/Number/Number] -> Array
array:reverse	reverse given array	[Array] -> Array
array:sample	get random sample from given array	[Array or Array/Number] -> Any or Array or Null
array:shuffle	shuffle given array	[Array] -> Array
array:sort	sort given array	[Array] -> Array
array:sum	return sum of elements of given array	[Array] -> Number
array:tail	get last section of array excluding the first element	[Array] -> Array
array:union	get union of two given arrays	[Array/Array] -> Array
array:unique	get array by removing duplicates	[Array] -> Array
array:zip	return array of element pairs using given arrays	[Array/Array] -> Array
collection:contains	check if collection contains given element	[String/String or Array/Any or Dictionary/Any] -> Boolean
collection:delete	delete collection element by using given value	[Array/Any or Dictionary/Any] -> Array or Dictionary
collection:deleteBy	delete collection element by using given index/key	[Array/Number or Dictionary/String] -> Array or Dictionary
collection:find	return index of string/element within string/array, or -1 if not found	[String/String or Array/Any] -> Number
collection:get	get element from collection using given index/key	[Array/Number or Dictionary/String] -> Any
collection:isEmpty	check if collection is empty	[String or Array or Dictionary] -> Boolean
collection:set	set collection element using given index/key	[Array/Number/Any or Dictionary/String/Any] -> Array or Dictionary
collection:size	get size of collection	[String or Array or Dictionary] -> Number
collection:slice	get slice of array/string given a starting and/or end point	[Array/Number or Array/Number/Number or String/Number or String/Number/Number] -> Array or String
convert:toBin	convert given number to its corresponding binary string value	[Number] -> String
convert:toHex	convert given number to its corresponding hexadecimal string value	[Number] -> String
convert:toNumber	convert given value to its corresponding number value	[Real or String or Boolean] -> Number or Real
convert:toOct	convert given number to its corresponding octal string value	[Number] -> String
convert:toString	convert given number/boolean/array/dictionary to its corresponding string value	[Number or Real or Boolean or Array or Dictionary] -> String
core:and	bitwise/logical AND	[Boolean/Boolean or Number/Number] -> Boolean or Number
core:exec	execute given function with optional array of arguments	[Function or Function/Any...] -> Any
core:if	if condition is true, execute given function - else optionally execute alternative function	[Boolean/Function or Boolean/Function/Function] -> Any
core:import	import external source file from path	[String] -> Any
core:input	read line from stdin	[] -> String or Any
core:lazy	get a lazy-evaluated expression	[Any] -> Function
core:loop	execute given function for each element in array or dictionary, or while condition is true	[Array/Function or Dictionary/Function or Boolean/Function] -> Any
core:memoize	get a memoized function	[Function] -> Function
core:new	copy given object and return a new duplicate. one	[String or String/Array] -> Any
core:not	bitwise/logical NOT	[Boolean or Number] -> Boolean or Number
core:or	bitwise/logical OR	[Boolean/Boolean or Number/Number] -> Boolean or Number
core:panic	exit program printing given error message	[String] ->
core:print	print value of given expression to screen, optionally suppressing newlines	[Any or Any/Boolean] -> Any
core:return	return given value	[Any] -> Any
core:shl	bitwise left shift	[Number/Number] -> Number
core:shr	bitwise right shift	[Number/Number] -> Number
core:trace	trace executing of given expression	[Any] -> Any
core:xor	bitwise/logical XOR	[Boolean/Boolean or Number/Number] -> Boolean or Number
crypto:hash	get hash value for given value	[Any] -> String
crypto:md5	get MD5 hash of given string data	[String] -> String
crypto:sha256	get SHA256 hash of given string data	[String] -> String
crypto:sha512	get SHA512 hash of given string data	[String] -> String
csv:parse	get object by parsing given CSV string, optionally using headers	[String or String/Boolean] -> Array
date:dateNow	get current date into string	[] -> String
date:datetimeNow	get current date and time into string	[] -> String
date:day	get day from date string	[String] -> String
date:month	get month from date string	[String] -> String
date:timeNow	get current time into string	[] -> String
dictionary:hasKey	check if dictionary has key	[Dictionary/String] -> Boolean
dictionary:keys	get array of dictionary keys	[Dictionary] -> Array
file:exists	check if file exists at given path	[String] -> Boolean
file:read	read string from file at given path	[String] -> String
file:write	write string to file at given path	[String/String] -> Null
html:markdownToHtml	convert given markdown string to html	[String] -> String
json:generate	get JSON string from given object	[Any] -> String
json:parse	get object by parsing given JSON string	[String] -> Any
number:acos	get 'acos' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:acosh	get 'acosh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:asin	get 'asin' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:asinh	get 'asinh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:atan	get 'atan' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:atanh	get 'atanh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:ceil	get 'ceil' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:cos	get 'cos' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:cosh	get 'cosh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:even	check if given number is even	[Number] -> Boolean
number:exp	get 'exp' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:floor	get 'floor' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:ln	get 'ln' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:log10	get 'log10' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:odd	check if given number is odd	[Number] -> Boolean
number:random	generate random number in given range (from..to)	[Number/Number] -> Number
number:round	get 'round' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:sin	get 'sin' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:sinh	get 'sinh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:sqrt	get 'sqrt' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:tan	get 'tan' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
number:tanh	get 'tanh' for given number	[Number or Real] -> Real
path:createDir	create directory at given path	[String] -> Boolean
path:currentDir	get current directory path	[] -> String
path:dir	get array of directory contents at given path	[ or String] -> Array
path:getDir	get directory from given path	[String] -> String
path:getExt	get extension from given path	[String] -> String
path:getFilename	get filename from given path	[String] -> String
path:isDirectory	check if given path is a directory	[String] -> Boolean
path:isFile	check if given path is a file	[String] -> Boolean
path:isSymlink	check if given path is a symlink	[String] -> Boolean
path:normalizePath	get normalized path from given path	[String] -> String
reflection:object	get object for given symbol name	[String] -> Any or Null
reflection:pointer	get pointer location for object	[Any or String] ->
reflection:symbolExists	check if given symbol exists	[String] -> Boolean
reflection:syms	get list of declared symbols	[ or String] ->
reflection:type	get type for given object	[Any] -> String
string:capitalize	capitalize given string	[String] -> String
string:char	get ASCII character from given char code	[Number] -> String
string:characters	get string characters as an array	[String] -> Array
string:endsWith	check if string ends with given string	[String/String] -> Boolean
string:isAlpha	check if all characters in given string are ASCII letters	[String] -> Boolean
string:isAlphanumeric	check if all characters in given string are ASCII letters or digits	[String] -> Boolean
string:isControl	check if all characters in given string are control characters	[String] -> Boolean
string:isDigit	check if all characters in given string are digits	[String] -> Boolean
string:isLowercase	check if all characters in given string are lowercase	[String] -> Boolean
string:isMatch	check if string matches given regex	[String/String] -> Boolean
string:isUppercase	check if all characters in given string are uppercase	[String] -> Boolean
string:isWhitespace	check if all characters in given string are whitespace	[String] -> Boolean
string:levenshtein	get Levenshtein distance between two given strings	[String/String] -> Number
string:lines	get lines from string as an array	[String] -> Array
string:lowercase	lowercase given string	[String] -> String
string:matches	get array of matches for string using given regex	[String/String] -> Array
string:padCenter	center justify string by adding padding	[String/Number] -> String
string:padLeft	left justify string by adding padding	[String/Number] -> String
string:padRight	right justify string by adding padding	[String/Number] -> String
string:replace	get string by replacing occurences of string with another string	[String/String/String] -> String
string:split	split string by given separator or regex	[String/String] -> Array
string:startsWith	check if string starts with given string	[String/String] -> Boolean
string:strip	strip spaces from given string	[String] -> String
string:uppercase	uppercase given string	[String] -> String
string:uuid	generate random UUID string	[] -> String
string:words	get words from string as an array	[String] -> Array
system:env	get system environment variables as a dictionary	[] -> Dictionary
system:shell	execute given shell command	[String] -> String or Boolean
system:spawn	spawn process using given string and get process id	[String] -> Number
web:download	download string contents from webpage using given URL	[String] -> String
web:post	perform POST request using given URL and data	[String/String] -> String
xml:check	check integrity of XML input using given string	[String] -> Boolean
yaml:generate	get YAML string from given object	[Any] -> String
yaml:parse	get object by parsing given YAML string	[String] -> Any

Build Instructions

Prerequisites:

• Flex
• Bison
• D compiler (preferably DMD) + DUB

Build:

dub build --build=release

Run script:

./arturo <script>

REPL:

./arturo -c

Or... Check it out online!

http://arturo-lang.io

License

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2019 Yanis Zafirópulos (aka Dr.Kameleon)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.